In this second session, we discuss the conflicts that shaped the early theology of the church. For example: Did faith in the Jewish Messiah require one to first convert to Judaism? What was the role of Torah under the new covenant in Jesus? And what about the Gentile influences that began to pressure the church towards and more Hellenistic interpretation of Jesus? Who decides the answers to such questions? And how are these answer enacted in the Christian community? From Gnosticism to martyrdom to the fall of Jerusalem, this lecture covers essential material for the rest of the course.